Genetics
Cloning
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Get accessDNA fragments can be inserted into other DNA molecules using DNA ligase and then replicated in vectors
Bacterial plasmids: circular dsDNA molecules that replicate extra-chromosomally in bacteria or yeasts
- Bacteriophages: bacterial virus that replicates during growth in E.coli
Cosmids: plasmids that use bacteriophage particles to process and introduce large DNA fragments
Probes are cloned DNA or RNA molecules/fragments used to detect homologous sequences in nucleic acids
- Can be labelled with a radioactive trace to aid detection
Nucleic acid hybridisation can be used to find specific fragments by combining nucleic acids with a specific probe which will only hybridise its complementary strand
- Steps
- Restriction endonucleases cleave human DNA sections
- DNA ligase incorporates the human DNA into a vector
- The vector facilitates the transfer of human DNA into bacteria
- The bacteria replicate the DNA segment