

## Background
<ul>
  <li>Embryology: the cavity of the neural tube persists as the cerebral ventricles</li>
  <li>Lined by a single epithelial layer: ependyma</li>
  <li>The ependyma form the choroidal plexus along with the pia mater</li>
  <li>Choroidal plexus: 70% of CSF production (the other 30% from other brain capillaries)</li>
  <li>Normal CSF volume is 130ml</li>
  <li>Normal ICP is 5-15 mmHg (about 10-20 cm of water)</li>
  <li>
    Normal CSF production is 550ml/day: note that this means the CSF turns over approximately 4
    times per day
  </li>
</ul>

## Lateral ventricles
<ul>
  <li>These are the largest chambers of the ventricular system</li>
  <li>Lie within each cerebral hemisphere</li>
  <li>C-shaped</li>
  <li>The caudate nucleus sits in the concavity of the lateral ventricle</li>
  <li>Communicate with the third ventricle via the foramina of Munro</li>
</ul>

## Third ventricle
<ul>
  <li>Within the diencephalon</li>
  <li>The thalamus lies next to the lateral wall of the third ventricle</li>
  <li>The floor of the third ventricle if formed by the hypothalamus</li>
  <li>Communicates with the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct</li>
</ul>

## Fourth ventricle
<ul>
  <li>Lies within the pons and upper medulla</li>
  <li>The floor of the fourth ventricle is close to various cranial nerve nuclei</li>
  <li>Communicates with the cerebellomedullary cistern via the foreman of Magendie</li>
  <li>Communicates with the pontine cistern via the lateral foramina of Luschka&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<Note>
  <p>The CSF enters the subarachnoid space via the foreman of Magendie and foramina of Luschka.</p>
</Note>


Background Embryology: the cavity of the neural tube persists as the cerebral ventricles Lined by a single epithelial layer: ependyma The ependyma form…

Neuroanatomy

Cerebral Ventricles

Intro

FRCOphth Part 1 Study Notes

Orbit and ocular adnexae

Orbit

Extraocular Muscles

Orbital Blood Vessels

Paranasal Sinuses

Lacrimal Glands

Tear Film

Eyelids

Blinking

Anterior segment - ocular surface

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Corneal Structure And Development

Corneal Physiology

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Angle

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Iris

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Retinal Macrostructure

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